Responsible Borrowing Worksheet Essay

Many students borrow federal student loans to pay for college. The goal of this assignment is to help you learn how to borrow responsibly, which may mean that you do not borrow at all or that you borrow only what you truly need. To borrow responsibly, you must understand your options and establish a financial plan for your entire program. With that plan in place, you can then focus on your classes and making connections with instructors and other students. Step 1 Watch the â€Å"Responsible Borrowing (Financial Aid)† video on the orientation website located here: http://www.phoenix.edu/student-orientation.html. Respond to the following questions: What is financial aid? Financial Aid is any grant or scholarship, loan, or paid employment offered to help a student meet his/her college expenses. Such aid is usually provided by various sources such as federal and state agencies, colleges, high schools, foundations, and corporations. How do grants differ from loans? Grants are money you don’t have to repay and are usually based on your financial need while loans are money you borrow that you must pay back, usually with interest costs. The major grants are Cal Grants, federal Pell Grants and some smaller federal grants What effect does class attendance have on funding availability? Students must attend school continuously, with no attendance breaks greater than 14 days, to retain disbursed federal financial aid funds. A leave of absence must be requested and approved if a student requires more than 14 days away from class. Step 2 Navigate to the Personal Finance category of the GEN/127 PhoenixConnect Community. Explore the resources provided and some of the discussions shared by the community members. Respond to the following questions: What did you find about student loan repayment plans? I found out that there are interests rates that cling to the loan and also you should pay close attention to the money you burrow in unsubsidized and subsidized loans because you will have to pay that back and also may sure you keep up with how much your borrowing and the dates that you will have to start repaying, you don’t want them to go into default. Why is having an educational financial plan important? You will need this so you can map out how much needs to be funded for your course and class, its very vital you pay attention to this because you could end up not having enough, thesethings you want to plan out and make sure of so you wont have any bumps or faults along the way. Step 3 Access the Financial Plan at www.phoenix.edu/financialplan. Enter your program and respond to the questions. Explore the information about options for payment, reducing cost, and military students (if applicable). If you have already completed the plan as part of the enrollment process, you can use those results for this step. Based on this plan, what is your estimated monthly payment when you enter repayment? My estimated monthly repayment fee is $56 a month. As a result of completing the plan, what changes can you make to reduce the amount you may borrow? Why? I can check for the cost of the classes so I wont borrow so much, just what I need to pay the cost of each class that way I wont over draw.

Effect of Temperature on Catalase

Lab Report The effect of temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2 Sarah AlShemesi In this experiment we’ll be exploring the effects of temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2. We’ll be using five different temperatures to test this. The five different temperatures will be 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 oC. We will use the liver as a source of Catalase. A 1 gram piece of liver will be inserted into a test tube with 2 cm3 of water, then 2 cm3 of H2O2 will be added.The Catalase and H2O2 are expected to react and result in bubbles and a rise in the solution. If the bubbles form and the solution rises quickly then this suggests that the enzymes are working sufficiently and the nearing the optimum temperature. Investigation question: What is the effect of the different temperatures 10 oC, 30 oC, 50 oC, 70 oC and 90 oC on the reaction between Catalase found in liver and H2O2 and what will be the Catalase’s optimum temperature? Variables: * Independent variable: Temperature in oC Dependant variable: the height of the solution, measured with a ruler in cm. * Controlled variables: mass of liver, volume of water, volume of H2O2, method of pouring H2O2 into the liver/water solution. * The mass of the liver was controlled by measuring the liver pieces after they’ve been cut to ensure that each is 1 gram only. * Volume of water was controlled by measuring 2 cm3 using the same 10 cm3 measuring cylinder. * Volume of H2O2 was controlled by measuring 2 cm3 of it using the same 10 cm3 measuring cylinder. The method of pouring the H2O2 into the liver/water solution was kept consistent by having the same person pour it in every time at the same approximate speed. Materials: * Liver * H2O2 60 cm3 * 1 Ruler ( cm ) * Water 60 cm3 * 12 Test tubes * 2 Tongue * 2 Measuring cylinder 10 cm3 * 2 Droppers * 1 Beaker 100 cm3 * A bowl of ice cubes * 1 Knife * 1 Bunsen Burner * 1 Glass rod * 1 Digital balance * 3 Thermometers ( oC ) Method: 1. Cut t he liver into twenty five pieces using the knife, use the digital balance to ensure that each piece of liver weighs 1 gram only. 2. Place each liver piece in an individual test tube. 3.Use the 10 cm3 measuring cylinder to measure 2 cm3 ( this amount of H2O was chosen so that when the H2O2 is added the solution can bubble and rise without spilling out of the test tube ) of H2O and add that amount of water to the test tube containing the piece of liver. 4. Place ice cubes at the bottom of the 100 cm3 beaker till the base of it is completely covered. 5. Place the previously mentioned test tube ( containing the water/liver solution) into the beaker holding it up at the center as you or your partner continue to fill the beaker with ice cubes till the test tube is completely submerged in ice and only the top is not. . Continuously measure the temperature of the solution. 7. When the solution reaches the temperature of 10 oC, remove the test tube from the beaker filled with ice and perform step 8 immediately. 8. Add 2 cm3 of H2O2, wait for the solution to react and for the bubbles to rise and then use your cm ruler to measure the height of the solution after it has risen and note the height down. 9. For the other trials you must heat your solution rather than cool it down. To do so, prepare your liver/water solution with the same dimensions as before. 0. Light up the Bunsen Burner to a soft flame. 11. Use the tongues to hold one test tube over the flame, you must move the test tube continuously to avoid burning or overheating and you must also measure the temperature of the solution continuously till it reaches the desired temperature for that trial; either 30 oC, 50 oC, 70 oC or 90 oC. 12. When the solution reaches the desired temperature quickly repeat step 8. 13. Repeat the procedure five times for each temperature to produce five trials.Data collected on the effect of Temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2: This Date shows the temperature, the fina l height of the solution in the test tube after it rose and the change in height given that the initial height for all is 1. 4 cm. | Height of solution ( cm  ±0. 1 )| Temperatures ( oC  ± 0. 5 ) | Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 3| Trial 4 | Trial 5| Mean of change| | Final height| Change in height| Final height| Change In height| Final height| Change in height| Final Height| Change in Height| Final Height| Change in height| | 10| 2. 1| 0. 7| 2. 3| 0. | 2. 2| 0. 8| 2. 4| 1. 0| 2. 3| 0. 9| 0. 9| 30| 2. 6| 1. 2| 2. 7| 1. 3| 3. 0| 1. 6| 2. 8| 1. 4| 2. 6| 1. 2| 1. 3| 50| 3. 1| 1. 7| 3. 2| 1. 8| 3. 3| 1. 9| 3. 1| 1. 7| 3. 4| 2. 0| 1. 8| 70| 2. 5| 1. 1| 2. 4| 1. 0| 2. 6| 1. 2| 2. 7| 1. 3| 2. 4| 1. 0| 1. 1| 90| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 0. 0| Uncertainties were calculated by finding the lowest unit of the measuring equipment and then dividing it by two. For example the lowest unit of measuring on the thermometer is 1, to calculate the uncertainty: 1 / 2 = 0. 5 So the uncertainty is:  ± 0. However in the case of height, we’re using both ends to measure so we don't divide by two. So since the smallest measuring unit is 0. 1 cm the uncertainty is  ± 0. 1 Table 2 : Standard Deviation of each trial : Temperature ( oC )| StandardDeviation ( cm) of Data| 10| 0. 10. 1| 30| 0. 149| 50| 0. 116| 70| 0. 116| 90| 0. 000| The standard deviation was calculated using a TI-83 GDC. The steps were the following: 1. STAT ; EDIT ; Edit :1 2. Enter the variables ( In this case, the change in height in the different trials of the same temperature ) under L1. . STAT ; CALC ; 1-Var Stats to view the values. 4. Standard deviation is displayed as Sx. The standard deviation will be used on the graph to indicate how much results may deviate from the collected data. I could further process my data using the T-test or the Chi squared test to see whether there is a clear correleational link between temperature and height of the solution of water/liver after it reacts with H2O2. However, I will study this correlational link through the following graph: Temperature of Liver/Water solution ( oC  ± 0. 5)Change in Height of the Liver/Water solution after H2O2 was added. ( ± 0. 1 cm) The trend line is polynomial ( Order : 3 ) so it shows the predicted heights of the liver/water solution after H2O2 is added against the temperatures. Conclusion: Our data shows that the enzymatic activity of Catalase varied depending on temperature. At 10 oC the activity decreased because the Catalase molecules moved slower thus resulting in less collision with the H2O2 molecules. In the temperature 30 o C we find that the activity increases slightly because the molecules are colliding more often.However we notice that at the temperature 50 oC the activity is the highest and has significantly rose above the others. This suggests that at the temperature of 50 oC Catalase is most sufficient; it is the optimum temperature. The trend line’s curve also su pports that since the curve is highest at 50 oC. At 70 oC the activity decreases and the solution rises almost as high as it did at the temperature of 30 oC, this is due to the enzymes denaturing because of the high temperature. At 90 oC we observed no reaction whatsoever because all the enzymes had denatured.Our graph was very similar to the one found in the Pearson Baccalaureate SL Biology book that displayed the effect of temperature on Catalase activity. They both exhibited a steady rise followed by a steep decrease, as the temperatures got higher. My data and graph also clearly suggest that the optimum temperature for Catalase is around 50 oC while an experiment conducted by Arefan Khan concluded that 40 oC is the optimum temperature for Catalase (Effect of Temperature on Catalase Enzyme, pg1).The different results may be because I had large intervals of temperature; I did not test for the effect of 40 oC on Catalase, which is why my results are closer to 50 oC. Evaluation: Err or 1: -Step: cutting the liver Weakness: the liver wasn't frozen and so the cutting was not very accurate. This resulted in us cutting small pieces of liver to complete 1 gm, thus resulting in different surface areas for different trials and temperatures. This may affected the experiment by exposing more Catalase to the H2O2 in some trials than others.Improvement: Make sure the liver is frozen and can be easily cut so that all trials receive liver with roughly the same surface area. Error 2: -Step: Using the Bunsen Burner to heat the solution to the desired temperature. Weakness: the temperature of the solution continued to rise even after heating was stopped. Improvement: Using an electric water bath and setting it to the different desired temperatures to heat the liver and water solution to ensured that temperature is constant. Error 3: -Step: Using the Bunsen Burner to heat the solution to the desired temperature.Weakness: The thermometer’s temperature might have affected the temperature of the solution when it was inserted into it to measure its temperature. For example: the thermometer is at room temperature and is inserted into solution being heated to 70 oC, the solution might haven risen above that, however when the thermometer is inserted, it cools down the solution and gives a temperature of 70 oC. Improvement : Keeping the thermometer inside the solution as it is heating or cooling, however it must be ensured that it does not touch the bottom of the test tube as that may give false temperatures.

The Social Demography of Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Social Demography of Health - Essay Example Based on the data presented by the World Health Organization, one of the most effective ways of fighting the health problems in the society is to target the issues outside the health sector which is the main view presented in the study of the population, poverty and pollution. One of the reasons that can be associated to the said action is the fact that upon the reorganization and improvement of the other sectors in the society, the beliefs and habits of the people also changes. If programs that are related to the improvement of livelihood and alleviation of poverty are implemented, there is an improvement of the capacity of the people to target the improvement of their health for example in cases of communicable and contagious diseases (â€Å"Socioeconomic Determinants of Health†). For that matter, poverty being one of the most important socioeconomic factors that can affect health is included in the fundamental target to the improvement of global health (Poverty and ILL Heal th). In terms of the effects of population changes in the state of global health, it can be connected to the factors inducing poverty. Basically, the scenario can be compared to the population of all types of organisms. An increase in the population results to scarcity of resources. In simple types of organism, lack of resources can lead to death of the significant number of population but for humans diseases can be equated to the lack of resources both for basic needs and healthcare (Galea 15). For that matter, an improvement in the practice of population control towards the sustainability which can be achieved if there is improved access to the basic need can be considered as a path towards the improvement of global health. The issues related to pollution can also be connected to both the issue of poverty and that of population. In the increase of population size, there is a significant chance of worsening the livelihood situation. Due

Prison Mental Health Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prison Mental Health Services - Essay Example At mid-year 2005, more than half of all prison and jail inmates in the United States reported symptoms of a mental health problem within the last 12 months (James & Glaze, 2006).Among the state prison inmates nationwide, 43% reported symptoms that met criteria for mania, 23% reported symptoms of major depression, and 15% reported symptoms that met criteria for a psychotic disorder. (James & Glaze, 2006) Contributory factors to the higher prevalence rates of mental illness among individuals in prison include the criminalization of the mentally ill (Aderbigbe, 1977) and communication barriers between the criminal justice and mental health systems of care (Lamberti & Weisman, 2001). In addition, Satriano (2006) has described the social and contextual issues in the 1960's that were contributing factors to the imprisonment of seriously mentally ill persons, including deinstitutionalization of severely mentally ill persons in without adequate follow-up; rising levels of homelessness and substance abuse among mentally ill persons; and an anti-psychiatry movement led by Thomas Szasz and R. D. Lang who believed mental illness to be a myth and viewed psychosis to be a reactive response to a bad situation. Also, the criteria of dangerousness became necessary to involuntarily confine an individual, shifting the idea of commitment from a therapeutic concept to one that is protective of society. (Satriano, 2006) Most experts agree that the incarcerated population's mental health needs are grossly underprovided while they are incarcerated (Roskes et al., 1999). Mentally ill prisoners are more a risk for behavioral disturbances, acts of aggression, and disciplinary problems than non-mentally inmates (Rowen & Hayes, 1995). Untreated psychiatric symptoms are associated with assaults, self-injurious behavior, social withdrawal, and suicides within correctional facilities. (Hayes, 1995) The Supreme Court (Estelle vs. Gamble, 1976) established that it is unconstitutional under the eighth amendment to show indifference to the medical needs of prisoners. In Browning vs. Godwin (1977) it was determined that the right to medical treatment is not distinguishable from the right of mental health treatment. The American Psychiatric Association (2000) and the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (1999) recommend mental health screening at the time of prison intake. The efficacy of treatment for the disease of interest should be established before a standardized prison-based screening program is considered. Early treatment with psychotropic medication is critical to the successful treatment of patients with serious psychiatric disorders. In the disease of schizophrenia, for example, the recognition of early phase illness and vigorous treatment aimed at relapse prevention may improve long term prognosis (Keks, Mazumdar, & Shields, 2000). Specifically, early intervention with antipsychotic medications decreases the long term morbidity of schizophrenia (Wyatt, Damiani, & Henter, 1998) and leads to a 2.5 to 10-fold reduction in relapse rates among those given maintenance treatment with anti-psychotic medication (Davis, 1985). Other studies have shown that detection, treatment and symptom control improves rehabilitation outcomes and self-efficacy

Science Meets Real Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Science Meets Real Life - Essay Example The 5 steps of the scientific method are then executed again. If the bulb glows in the second lamp then it is CONCLUDED that there has been a fault in the initial lamp that was lighted when the person reached home. But there could be a POSSIBLE ERROR here and that is that the lamp may not be plugged into the socket properly. Another subsequent query that may now arise is that whether the Initial lamp was fixed properly or not. This series of hypothetical testing continues unless the actual reasoning behind the nonfunctioning of the lamp is assessed. If the Fan is not running then it the hypothesis is accepted and it is affirmed that since the engine fan is not working that must be the reason behind the rapid heating up the car. However this can still not be affirmed that whether the fan itself is faulty or there is a fault in the electrical wiring connecting the fan to the engine. If he fan does not turn on when connected to the new battery terminals then it is ascertained that the reason for the non-functioning of the fan and thus heating up of the car was the burning out of the fan only. However, if the fan is functional then further analysis is required to assess that what is the actual reason behind the inoperability of the fan and the scientific methodology of figuring out the root cause by assessing one factor after the other unless a deductive conclusion is reached, continues. Science is a natural and indispensible option for humans to exercise. Even if life of the human beings is considered in its simplest of forms as it was in the primitive times, the applications of science in it remain there and are obvious. Thus it can very well be ascertained that human life and Science go hand in hand. Considering our daily routine we get benefitted with the applications of science round the clock. It doesn’t matter whether we are at work, are spending leisure time or are into slumber; science is applied into our

1) Voter Burnout & 2) Republicans and Democrats Essay

1) Voter Burnout & 2) Republicans and Democrats - Essay Example Voter turnout has great significance because higher turnout gives greater legitimacy to the upcoming government. Even dictatorial regime maneuvers to attain higher turnouts for claiming legitimacy. American democracy, a role model for the world, is suffering from this serious flaw of character. Factors responsible for low turnout are a matter of controversy among political scholars. The problem has the following psychological, cultural, and institutional dimensions, among others. Psychological factors: The voter loses interest in election when his confidence is shaken by leadership going back on the election promises. During elections, when he is given â€Å"the audacity of hope†, promise of â€Å"change† and â€Å"agenda of peace†, he naturally pins great hopes on the next government. At the end of the day when he gets nothing of what he was promised, he develops a mindset that leadership has betrayed him and is not sincere to the nation. Government policies not reflective of his wishes make him lose confidence in the system. Corruption scandals may dishearten him and create a sense that voting is nothing less than wastage of time, especially in the younger generation. Cultural factors: â€Å"U.S is the world’s oldest democracy and a pioneer in extension of the vote to the entire population† (Ladd, p417). Despite this democratic culture and attaining the target of universal suffrage, still there are problems that obstruct higher turnout. In a multicultural and multilingual country like US it is difficult for political parties to engage all sections of population. Negative campaigning and attacks on character of opponents is more common in US than elsewhere which potentially suppress turnout. Strong party affiliation is important to boost up turnout which is non existent in US. Countries where parties have strong roots in public and enjoy public confidence have higher turnout. Confidence in election process and voting are cultural habits

Elements of Genre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elements of Genre - Essay Example Thrillers are meant to instill a high sense of excitement in the movie-goer, as well as a good amount of anxiety, high-heart rates, and nervous tension as the characters struggle for survival against both internal and external survival threats. Directors use these elements of tension masterfully on their audiences, and can easily manipulate an audience’s level of anxiety or suspense with clever usage of music, action sequence, and dialogue. Movie-goers willfully oblige the director, eager to suspend belief and throw their emotions into the director’s crafty hands which increase or decrease the related tension and anxiety throughout the film as they bring the audience along for the ride. In three â€Å"thriller/suspense† genre films, â€Å"The Black Lagoon,† â€Å"The Planet of the Apes,† and â€Å"The Shining,† the directors masterfully utilize these elements to build tension and anxiety in the movie-goer. In all three movie clips, there is a noted lack of dialogue and a reliance on music and mood to increase the tension in the scene. The directors use music to build tension and signal to the movie goer that action is about to take place, create a crescendo of tension, and also bring the viewer down from the thrills he or she just experienced.

Response to a Government Solicitation Research Paper

Response to a Government Solicitation - Research Paper Example The oil spills in the Deepwater Horizon occurs in a short period that requires quick response mechanism. However, there are no appropriate detective mechanisms available to provide a timely reaction to the situation before a disaster is encountered. The opportunity is entitled â€Å"Detection of Oil within the Water Column.† The solicitation number for this business opportunity is HSCG32-12-R-R00005 and the concerned federal agency is the Department of Homeland Security. The opportunity arises following the technological deficiency that has been witnessed in managing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill that occurred in the Mexican Gulf. Thus, the office associated with this opportunity is the United States Coast Guard (USCG). The project is to be carried out at the base of the contracting office, which is the USCG research and development center. More information about the contract is available at https://www.fbo.gov/spg/DHS/USCG/USCGRDC/HSCG32-12-R-R00005/listing.html 3. The deci sion-making process on whether to bid or not Before making a decision to bid for this contract, it is necessary to perform a number of opportunity and risk assessments, evaluations and analyses. Companies that do not apply blind-bid approach often have high bid-win rates and high capture rates (Garrette, 2007, p.20). Obviously, the first step involves an examination of the job description. The tasks and responsibilities defined in the contract should be evaluated against the competencies of the contracting firm and the proposal team. There is need to consider the penalties imposed by the contracting office for nonperformance by the contractor (Garrette, 2007, p.24). The firm must ascertain that it has the relevant expertise as well as other resources necessary to accomplish the assignment. The other consideration is the cost constraint imposed on the contract. The contract notices are often issued with the financial budget that the bidders should not exceed in the budget plan. The f irm has to evaluate the given budget in relation to the requirements and description of the task. This can also be compared to other projects or programs previously contracted by the firm. It is also appropriate to consider the time limit given for the project. Again, the firm has to evaluate the duration in relation to its capability and nature of the assignment (Garrette, 2007, p.24). We have to examine if the allocated time is practical and there is the potential to complete the task as required. Having considered all the above, we have to perform an overall comparison between this opportunity and the other opportunity (opportunities) that may be available at this particular time. There may be better opportunities that the firm can utilize than this one. This comparative analysis should encompass the above-stated considerations. 4. Areas of expertise to be represented in the proposal team The hiring officers often consider the expertise and professional qualifications of the lead ing members of the proposal team, and this can provide a basis for disqualification. The qualifications that are particularly relevant to the assignment attract the attention of the clients. According to

Cyber War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cyber War - Essay Example This is proofing to be a threat in 21st century. However, there is one serious risk of cyber war. This threat is an attack of the computer systems by the malware (Gartzke, 2012). This is because it can cripple a country infrastructure with a coordinated move. This means the primary sectors of the economy will fail to perform, and this can lead to unprecedented loss. For example, if the cyber criminals attack power plants, the whole nation could be plunged into darkness (Gartzke, 2012). This mean most of the countries can remain in a position that was there two hundred years ago. This can paralyze a country before the problem is rectified. Huge amount of resources will need to be mobilized to resolve the threat. According to my thinking, the first country to establish a large-scale cyber offensive will be South Korea. This is because the country is heavily dependent on the internet. In fact, virtually all sectors of the economy depend on the latest technological advancements. North Korea, on the other hand, has little to lose, as it is less dependent on the technology (Gartzke,

Battle to Save the Seas Essay Example for Free

Battle to Save the Seas Essay Once upon a time there lived a naughty boy who lived in a cottage near the sea with his parents that loved polluting the sea. His parents were one of his biggest inspirations when it came to polluting the sea. Every time they needed to dump garbage, they’d dump it in the sea. Soon the sea was filthy and organism died so therefore, it caused them lack some food too because they loved eating fishes from the sea that was nearby. The most important issue is we need to keep the sea clean. People of every kind who don’t take value, pride and withhold the possessions of the sea will have no respect for it. So therefore, we need to battle to save the sea. People will just literally dump any spoiled food items, household stuff etc. into the sea. They’ll just have a don’t care attitude about and towards the sea. We need to enforce strict regulations on people who love to dump trash in the sea. It they’re caught doing so, they should pay a high fine that they can’t afford and be thrown into jail. Secondly we need to battle to save the sea because the sea is a gift from God, not human. With the nature of the sea, tourists are attracted by it which helps to grow and benefit from our number one industry â€Å"Tourism†. Once tourist see that our seas are filthy and unprotected, they won’t feel pleasant coming to our island ever again. Soon we’ll even lose our number one industry for a lifetime. We are way too much dependent on tourism, we wouldn’t want it to shut down forever nor do we? The tourists love to snorkeling, scuba diving, swimming and fishing in the beautiful seas. So why wouldn’t we want to fight to save it? After all the sea contains all our living creatures, those that survive in water. We’ll lose our queen conch, groupers and spiny lobsters which will affect our agriculture and marine industries. We wouldn’t be able to export and make profits from our spiny lobsters etc. We also wouldn’t be able to eat seafood which is where our Bahamian dishes mainly come from. Imagine living on an island that is surrounded by dirty waters on hot summer day, now think about it? No swimming will be the answer to your imagination. In conclusion I suggest that our minister who’s responsible for the sea etc. should establish laws, activities and persuasive ideas to persuade people not to liter in our seas because the sea is a special gift from God and we need to take more care of it with great respect, joy and content.

Effects of Climate Change on the Middle East

Effects of Climate Change on the Middle East The Effects of Climate Change on the Middle East The Middle East is going to experience a very tough patch in the coming years, with Climate Change threatening basic life, political tensions dividing countries and the economy relying on depleting oil reserves. Of course this is not true for the whole region but mealy a vague overview and this is what this essay aims to look at in more depth. Global climate change is predicted to have many effects across the face of the earth, some of which can be seen right now. The Middle East is one of the most water scarce places on Earth. A person living in this region only has access to â€Å"1,200 cubic meters of water per year, compared with the average of about 7,000 cubic meters worldwide†. As temperatures rise due to anthropogenic climate change, evaporation rates will also rise, leading to reduced output from any surface water storages (reservoirs and rivers). The first effect will be water shortages hitting agriculture as there will be lack of water to feed crops, then ordinary lower class civilians with basic jobs will also feel the impact of water shortages. The result would cause crop failure and lead to starvation as basic local food becomes scarce (Saudi Arabia is nearly self sufficient in wheat but without water crops will be lost). Food prices will rocket as they have to import more to meet the demand. This has already been seen as two recent droughts in Iraq 1999/00 and 2000/01 caused non-irrigated wheat production to decrease by 90%. Exports of agricultural products will cease and over sea revenue will dwindle excluding the oil industry. This will lead to increased poverty across the region. Lack of available jobs and poverty mixed together with food and water scarcity may push people to extreme political groups as those in Iraq and Afghanistan, thus making stable regions ticking time bombs. The lack of available drinking water would embark on people finding other sources which could distort their health increasing cholera and other water born diseases, as countries in the Middle East do not have well developed sewerage systems outside of main cities and that people relieve themselves where ever possible⠁ ´. This pressure puts immense strain on services such as the health service, but also on the government as citizens will be demanding action, raising political tensions. The government could respond by importing more water at a financial cost but also an environmental one. By importing water you require transport. Pipe lines are expensive and time consuming to build, so short term solutions will include the transportation of water by either lorry or ship, into the country either from Asia or Europe. This method releases even more COâ‚‚ and acts as a positive feedback towards climate change, so is not a suitable method as it leads to even greater water scarcity. Aquifer sources are already under serious depletion in this region⠁ ¸ and as the demand increases it will require more to be abstracted, which means improvements in technology will be made so that more water can be pumped to the surface at a faster rate. However it will have devastating consequences such as subsidence or saline water intrusion which will be just as serious. Subsidence is already occurring in western Saudi Arabia due to over abstraction of groundwaterand that the majority of the water supplies are retrieved from non-renewable water with only a small percentage coming from internally renewable sources. The West Bank and Gaza are in a much more comfortable situation compared to Saudi as they have much more internally renewable water but that does not exempt them from a water crisis. Of Gazas available sources of water, only 5-10% is potable due to contamination. The diagram above shows that the Middle East (especially Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Syria) has a very high stress for water availability. Saudi Arabia has invested heavily in desalination plants with money from the oil industry but is still struggling to cope with demand. The country is now abstracting from â€Å"underground supplies in its east province reducing the agriculture and water availability of Qatar and Bahrain†Ã¢  ¸ and the annual recharge rate is a mere 0-5mm⠁ µ. This climate in Saudi Arabia is predominantly arid and semi arid but temperature extremes can be found at the Najd high Plateau with very hot summers and bitter cold winters. The coastal region experiences a slightly less harsh climate due to the Red Sea. The mean annual rainfall for this region is very worrying already (see diagram below) without the predicted impacts of climate change. The diagram also highlights that large areas are unable to cultivate crops without heavy irrigation which leads back to the political tensions arising over abstraction of underground water supplies and reduced output of crops. As you can see Turkey and the North West of Iran have much wetter climates but this could all change. Precipitation is expected to shift in the negative direction around the Middle East as shown in diagram from the IPCC Technical Paper leading to a decline in soil moisture content which increases daytime temperatures⠁ ´. Countries on the northern side, for example Turkey, are expected to bit hit hard due to their reliance on rivers and surface water storages. Turkeys average annual rainfall fluctuates depending on the area. Coastal regions experience 668mm per year, but central regions can get as low as 382mm per year. Large drops in annual rainfall could cause serious droughts as rivers and surface storages dry up leading to consequences highlighted earlier in this essay. Precipitation extremes will become more frequent due to climate change in this area, which would vastly increase the chances of flooding around the Jordan River as well as leading to serious soil erosion by rain splash. The sheer volume of precipitation will cause channels Climate Change and Water and gullies to form, washing the soil and sediments into water bodies. In turn it could reduce potable water even more so due to contamination as synthetic fertilisers and nutrients are washed out of soilsas well as having the effect of increasing turbidity. Predicted increases of runoff in the northern region of the Middle East will not help matters. Eutrophication is a major consequence leading to a decline in aquatic life as the excess nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) enter a water body and cause an algae bloom. This blocks sunlight from reaching bottom dwelling photosynthesising organisms which results in them dying. Zooplankton which feed on algae also live and hide amongst the lower photosynthesising organisms so their population will decline rapidly promoting algae growth to increase further (predator prey relationship). The algae have a high turnover rate (high growth and high death rates) and the dead algae are decomposed by respiring organisms which uses the oxygen up. This has been noted in the Keban Dam in eastern Anatolia. Pollutants like those leaked from the oil industry would have detrimental effects on the surrounding plant and wildlife with increased runoff, ultimately leading to decreasing biodiversity and the loss of environmentally sensitive areas along the Red Sea coast line. Coastal regions are also becoming under immense stress and are extremely vulnerable to increases in sea level. The table taken from The Impact of Sea Level indicates the overall effects of increases in 1m sea level changes across the Middle East and North Africa. A 1m increase would cause 24,000 sq km to be impacted which is a huge amount but the only country to be largely affected by this is Qatar. Around 13% is predicted to be impacted with a 5m increase ²Ã‚ ². This will cause mass displacement of people, forcing migration of people living close to the coast. Their quality of life will be directly affected as would the standard of living unless governments intervened and relocated them in permanent locations. If not, refugee camps will be a large regional problem. A Comparative Analysis 5% of UAEs population will experience the consequences of a 1m rise but 10-15% will be exposed to further increases. Qatars GDP will suffer greatly (10%) leading to further money deficit problems, and unable to counter the consequences of climate change and increased sea level ²Ã‚ ². The country will fall to outside help but whether it receives it is another matter. The population and economy are not the only victims of climate change. Precious wetlands will be lost in the Middle East around coastal countries like Qatar, Kuwait and UAE. With a 1m rise in sea level over 20% of Qatars wetlands will be affected which is alarming as they are essential for bird and invertebrate diversity. Populations are very small and are very vulnerable to slight changes. The red sea is home to a large variety of coral reefs. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is not only causing increasing temperatures and sea levels, but also the sea to become more acidic. These three effects are having direct impacts of precious coral reefs around the world. Coral structures are being weakened by carbonic acids reacting with their skeletons due to the acidification of the sea, making them more prone to damage. What is more alarming is corals chose a habitat with a very limited tidal range. With increasing sea levels There will be catastrophic social and economic consequences due to anthropogenic climate change. The social classes are already distorted in the third world oil exporting countries. The poor do not benefit from the oil revenues directly and it often has the effect of bringing about authoritarian and repressive regimes. Saudi Arabia owns 20% of the worlds oil reserves and is also the main producer of crude oil, with an estimated production of 10.72 million barrels a day. This is a huge over sea revenue generator and without it Middle Eastern countries like Saudi, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates would find it very difficult to develop as huge investments in infrastructure are needed. With increasing worry about serious climate change, many things are bound to happen in the near future. The first prediction is that MEDCs stop buying oil completely due to worldwide cooperation against climate change (which is extremely unlikely as no main alternative for the transport sector has been fully developed and applied on a large scale⠁ ´ let alone countries committing to such ‘risky deals). Alternatively large COâ‚‚ cuts may be sanctioned and oil will fall to this. The UK has agreed to 80% emission cuts by 2050. The hypothetical reason behind this is that as climate change becomes more rooted in politics, more action will be taken. Eventually oil will run out anyway and some governments in the coming century may take the first leap for their countries and find ways to live entirely on renewable resources. This would be devastating for Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates as oil exports are their biggest revenue generator. Saudi Arabias eco nomy revolves around oil, â€Å"the petroleum sector accounts for roughly 80% of budget revenues, 45% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings. About 40% of GDP comes from the private sector. Roughly 6.4 million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, particularly in the oil and service sectors†, the countries with their biggest reliance on oil in their economy is highlighted in the diagram above, and out of the top five, four of them are situated in the Middle East with nearly 97% related to oil. If countries stop buying this oil, then the demand will dramatically drop leading to a vast decrease in the price of a barrel of oil (simple supply and demand economics), a decrease in $1 per barrel would lose $3.4billion in revenue. This will lead to decreased public spending on projects like motorways, airports and hospitals, but the whole crude oil industry could be vulnerable to total collapse if a worldwide embargo was set to stop the use of crude oil. Saudi citi zens benefit from not paying taxes due to the shear flow of capital from the oil industry but without it, life will become much harder. It would have direct effects on employment; although oil exporting countries are trying to diversify their economy before it is too late, showing that there is a concern over the coming future. As the public spending dwindles, development will start to cease. The infrastructure will not improve as large amounts of revenue needed cannot be found and unemployment rates will sky rocket, even though unemployment rates are the highest in the world already at 13.2%. Standard of life will drop significantly as well as quality of living. This is where the most social consequences will be seen as education will be in jeopardy as will health and well being. If schools cannot be built then children are denied of learning which vastly decreases the chances of a higher skilled job and lowers literacy rates. As road building slows down, trade will be limited as i t requires vast networks which are not fully installed in the more rural areas. In result foreign investors will be put off, and agricultural trade will be limited to local markets⠁ ´. Tourism will be greatly affected by the changing climate, political tensions and rising concerns over food and water security. â€Å"The Middle East totalled 46 million international tourist arrivals and continues to be one of the tourism success stories of the decade so far, despite ongoing tensions and threats† in 2007. This is leading to a vast increase in pressure but is also fuelling the diversification of the economy. Hotels are struggling to cope with numbersand the indication of extreme events does not seem to be slowing the average annual growth of 9.3% ³Ã¢  ´. The tourism industry will be ruined by any such event mentioned previously due to the reputation of the area; but does deeply depend on how the governments handle the situations. If the countries in this region act now by carefully managing scare non-renewable water supplies as well as energy usage and keeping cooperation between countries going they stand a good chance of adapting to the effects of anthropo genic climate change. Investing in the local economy would benefit the region as a whole, by providing more jobs and help areas to develop which would otherwise be left on their own to cope with the changes. In conclusion it is clear that climate change will have enormous effects on this region of the world, ranging from the social distortion from dwindling unemployment rates to the increase in precipitation extremes leading to soil desertification. 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Yurteri, August 1996, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6VBS-3SWJMJ2-M-3_cdi=5934_user=486651_orig=search_coverDate=04%2F15%2F1997_sk=999029998view=cwchp=dGLbVzz-zSkWbmd5=48bf35a8ccce93e5d25cbc0d67be5c64ie=/sdarticle.pdf Date accessed 17-01-2010 Oil spills effects on the environment, http://archives.chennaionline.com/science/environment/oilspills.asp, Date accessed 17-01-2010 http://www.unep.ch/regionalseas/main/persga/samb6.pdf Date accessed 21-01-2010 The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis, Susmita Dasgupta, Benoit Laplante, Craig Meisner, David Wheeler and Jianping Yan, February 2007, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2007/02/09/000016406_20070209161430/Rendered/PDF/wps4136.pdf Date accessed 18-01-2010 QATAR, INTRODUCTION, Abdul Aziz Al-Midfa and Robert Nation, http://www.wetlands.org/RSIS/WKBASE/MiddleEastDir/QATAR.htm Date accessed 17-01-2010 Finding Corals Ideal Environment, http://serc.carleton.edu/images/eslabs/corals/coral_reef_distribution.jpg Date accessed 18-01-2010 Top World Oil Producers, Exporters, Consumers, and Importers, 2006, http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0922041.html Date accessed 16-12-2009 Central Intelligence Agency, Middle East, Saudi Arabia, November 2009, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html Date accessed 13-01-2010 Economics Basics: Demand and Supply, http://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics3.asp Date accessed 13-01-2010 BBC ,Ben Thompson, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8144171.stm Date accessed 13-01-2010, Industrial diversification lifts off in Saudi Arabia, http://www.ameinfo.com/65654.html Date accessed 13-01-2010 Rates are Highest in the Middle East http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108subsecID=900003contentID=254026 Date accessed 21-01-2010 Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Middle East, http://www.arabenvironment.net/archive/2009/11/969153.html Date accessed 18-01-2010 UPDATE ON TOURISM STATISTICS, http://www.tourism.go.ke/ministry.nsf/doc/Facts%20%20figures%202007.pdf/$file/Facts%20%20figures%202007.pdf Date accessed 21-01-2010 iddle Eastern Tourism Analysis, 01 May 2007, http://www.tourism-review.com/top_weekly_full.php?id=305 Date accessed 21-01-2010

made up Garfield :: essays research papers

It was just a day at John Arbuckle's house. As Garfield got up at 10:00 am he took a look at his calendar. He took a glance at the day of the week and mumbled "Ha, monday I need to go back to sleep." Just as Garfield was falling back to sleep John yelled "Get up you lazy cat! I need to take you to the vet for your shots." Garfield was wide-awake soon as he heard that and ran into the closet. John grumbled, " I'm not having a good day." Then Garfield opened the door and ran into the center of the room and stopped there. A few minutes later Odie came up behind him and said, "bark". Garfield sprang to the ceiling. Garfield thought to him self " Just what I was waiting for. Now John can't find me up here." "Garfield!!!" John yelled. Then "rip" the wallpaper on the ceiling ripped and down Garfield came. Yet, John grabbed him right out of the air. "OK Garfield let's stop with the games and go to the Vet." John said happily. Soon they were in John's car and going to the vet. When they got to the vet Garfield whispered to himself "Maybe if I can just stall we will miss my appointment with the vet." When they got there Garfield grabbed the seat firmly. John got out and went to the other side to get Garfield. When he got there Garfield was on the drivers side. Then John went to the other side to get him he was on the other side. John mooned " Stop this Garfield!" So John crawled threw the car and grabbed Garfield, but Garfield had clinched the seat firmly and would not let go. John pulled and tugged, but Garfield had a good grip. Then John had a brainstorm " for ones in his life". John unlatched the seat and took the Garfield and the seat into the vets. He just made it on time. John takes the seat and Garfield into the vet who is waiting. The vet was a really fine looking woman. John took one look at her and started flirting with her. They where talking when Garfield saw t his as an opportunity to get out. He jumped out of his seat and ran off into the street. He stopped and looks around this place look filmier to him. made up Garfield :: essays research papers It was just a day at John Arbuckle's house. As Garfield got up at 10:00 am he took a look at his calendar. He took a glance at the day of the week and mumbled "Ha, monday I need to go back to sleep." Just as Garfield was falling back to sleep John yelled "Get up you lazy cat! I need to take you to the vet for your shots." Garfield was wide-awake soon as he heard that and ran into the closet. John grumbled, " I'm not having a good day." Then Garfield opened the door and ran into the center of the room and stopped there. A few minutes later Odie came up behind him and said, "bark". Garfield sprang to the ceiling. Garfield thought to him self " Just what I was waiting for. Now John can't find me up here." "Garfield!!!" John yelled. Then "rip" the wallpaper on the ceiling ripped and down Garfield came. Yet, John grabbed him right out of the air. "OK Garfield let's stop with the games and go to the Vet." John said happily. Soon they were in John's car and going to the vet. When they got to the vet Garfield whispered to himself "Maybe if I can just stall we will miss my appointment with the vet." When they got there Garfield grabbed the seat firmly. John got out and went to the other side to get Garfield. When he got there Garfield was on the drivers side. Then John went to the other side to get him he was on the other side. John mooned " Stop this Garfield!" So John crawled threw the car and grabbed Garfield, but Garfield had clinched the seat firmly and would not let go. John pulled and tugged, but Garfield had a good grip. Then John had a brainstorm " for ones in his life". John unlatched the seat and took the Garfield and the seat into the vets. He just made it on time. John takes the seat and Garfield into the vet who is waiting. The vet was a really fine looking woman. John took one look at her and started flirting with her. They where talking when Garfield saw t his as an opportunity to get out. He jumped out of his seat and ran off into the street. He stopped and looks around this place look filmier to him.

Lollos dream :: essays research papers

One day Lollo was having intercourse with a donkey, suddenly he realized that he was doing a donkey. the ass and the lapdog jumped on the masters lap, and the ass killed himself because he was jealous that the lapdog was sitting on its masters lap. this was very upsetting to the master, so he killed himself because of his sudden loss of his manipulative donkey, which caused a sudden fluctuation of money. Many people cried over their deaths. The lapdog was left alone because so many people killed themselves. Since he was so deprest and lonely, he began a sudden art of masturbation, which he continued to do by himself until he realised that he could engage in sexual intercourse with dead asses and people. This caused in a battle of harmony and peace in this sick, inhumane, and corrupt world. I hope we should never live through this experience again! If you don't have much money but you do wand to train you're pet stop buying codestones and buy dubloons. Those are at least 4 times as c heap it take 2 or 4 hours longer but its much cheaper. Play games every day, I make 5000+ every day just buy playing destruct o match, kiko match, poke match and Swich-a-Roo. Just find easy games that give a lot of np. I also look for bargains on the shop wizard and sell things for a little more then I buy them for. When things are cheap buy a couple of them and put them in your safety deposit box. At one point or another they'll probably go up. If not at least you'll have some thing to fall back on. My last tip is to get free stuff. Get an omelette from Tyrania, and your free Tombola and Fruit Wheel Spins.

The Dignity of Cloning :: essays research papers

The Dignity of Cloning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cloning is just one of the new ways that modern medicine is pushing the boundaries into uncharted moral waters. Cloning can be divided into two main groups by its purpose; therapeutic, which looks into the generation of body parts for transplants, and reproductive, which is cloning for the sake of replicating an entire organism. The main method of cloning mammals is called somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the DNA from a cell of an existing organism is put into a donor egg whose nucleus has been taken out. The major question that surrounds this process and the idea of replicating an organism is whether or not it detracts from human dignity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Catholic Church, cloning is immoral on many bases. Firstly, even the experimentation of cloning is seen as immoral, since, in the process of creating a viable clone, hundreds of embryos simply do not work. In the case of Dolly, the first successfully cloned sheep, she was the only survivor of 277 attempts. Statistics like this show how scientists are playing â€Å"fast and loose† with living embryos, which is unacceptable for Catholic teaching. The Catholic Church is also against the fact that, in therapeutic cloning, only a part of the new organism is â€Å"harvested†, and the remaining parts are destroyed. This raises Catholic objections on the grounds of playing God by creating and destroying life. This goes back to one of the temptations presented to Adam and Eve, â€Å"You will be like gods† (Genesis 3:5).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the account of reproductive cloning, the Catholic Church has a whole new set of reasons relating to how it is immoral. With the advancements in cloning it is said by some that it will be possible to engineer a genetically superior human being. The problems with this are evident in the fact that an engineered child would have been created in our image, instead of the image of God. It is therefore arrogant of us to say that we can direct the evolution of humanity better than God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proponents of cloning raise many points in how, specifically therapeutic cloning, can advance knowledge and even lead to cures for some diseases. For example, theoretically, a liver cell could be used to grow a new, healthy liver for a transplant. The same could be said for kidneys, or organs that are not currently transplantable. Genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis can be better handled with answers to the genetic puzzle that cloning could provide. The Dignity of Cloning :: essays research papers The Dignity of Cloning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cloning is just one of the new ways that modern medicine is pushing the boundaries into uncharted moral waters. Cloning can be divided into two main groups by its purpose; therapeutic, which looks into the generation of body parts for transplants, and reproductive, which is cloning for the sake of replicating an entire organism. The main method of cloning mammals is called somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the DNA from a cell of an existing organism is put into a donor egg whose nucleus has been taken out. The major question that surrounds this process and the idea of replicating an organism is whether or not it detracts from human dignity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Catholic Church, cloning is immoral on many bases. Firstly, even the experimentation of cloning is seen as immoral, since, in the process of creating a viable clone, hundreds of embryos simply do not work. In the case of Dolly, the first successfully cloned sheep, she was the only survivor of 277 attempts. Statistics like this show how scientists are playing â€Å"fast and loose† with living embryos, which is unacceptable for Catholic teaching. The Catholic Church is also against the fact that, in therapeutic cloning, only a part of the new organism is â€Å"harvested†, and the remaining parts are destroyed. This raises Catholic objections on the grounds of playing God by creating and destroying life. This goes back to one of the temptations presented to Adam and Eve, â€Å"You will be like gods† (Genesis 3:5).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the account of reproductive cloning, the Catholic Church has a whole new set of reasons relating to how it is immoral. With the advancements in cloning it is said by some that it will be possible to engineer a genetically superior human being. The problems with this are evident in the fact that an engineered child would have been created in our image, instead of the image of God. It is therefore arrogant of us to say that we can direct the evolution of humanity better than God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proponents of cloning raise many points in how, specifically therapeutic cloning, can advance knowledge and even lead to cures for some diseases. For example, theoretically, a liver cell could be used to grow a new, healthy liver for a transplant. The same could be said for kidneys, or organs that are not currently transplantable. Genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis can be better handled with answers to the genetic puzzle that cloning could provide.

How Children’s Literature Can Be Both Didactic and Entertaining Essay

Literature talks about significant human experiences which arouses a noble feeling of pleasure. A form of literature should have permanence, artistry, spirituality, suggestiveness and universality like a children’s literature. It may be in the form of novels, poems, stories, and others use only language to convey the subject . Children’s literature speaks of people’s challenges but more imaginary than that of an adult and it awakes the innocent mind of a child to explore to the world of fantasy and reality- the start of his training on distinguishing facts from fallacies and developing his mind to acquire the good out of the context of a children’s literature. Children’s literature connects imagination and life to prepare a child to be a grown-up. C. S. Lewis states that literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become. It helps a child gain knowledge on both what he is experiencing and from his reading. Some forms of literature can be didactic and some can be entertaining. It is didactic in a way that it instructs people on what to do, introduces facts and information, tremendously inclined to teach or moralize and sometimes a disadvantage or it kills a reader’s enjoyment. In layman’s term , we call that being a killjoy. A piece of writing is not didactic even if it is educational when it is more focused on artistic qualities. It is entertaining because it amuses you of things you haven’t seen before, draws your attention of something you want or dreams but in real life you can’t- so it becomes an outlet of your imagination,pleases your entirety and diverts your interest to something exciting. According to Cyril Connolly, â€Å"While thought exists, words are alive and literature becomes an escape, not from, but into living. † Your surname 2 Children’s literature is didactic and entertaining. Here are some that we will discuss on matters regarding the commonalities of giving information and at the same time giving the reader a dose of merriment. We will cite three: Hana’s Suitcase, Paper Bag Princess and Charlotte’s Web. Hana’s Suitcase is about two children in the hand of the Nazi’s basically George and Hana. It sets focus on Hana Brady, an ordinary girl on about 10 years of age,who perished in a concentration camp of the Nazi’s set in Czechoslovakia. An age of annihilation where the Jews were imprisoned and eventually killed. Paper Bag Princess is about a Princess Elizabeth who was about to marry Prince Ronald but the latter was kidnapped by a dragon. Courageously but naked she eventually rescues the prince wearing only a paper bag. She won by flattering the dragon because the dragon does perform all sorts of stunts ending in exhaustion. But after helping the him, the prince insults the princess and she realizes that she was better off without a prince. They did not live happily ever after. Charlotte’s Web is about a spider who helps Wilbur, a pig, from being killed by his owner. She devices a plan on how to divert the attention of the owner in Wilbur’s favor. Fern acts as a liaison between the human world and the animal world . When Charlotte was about to die, Wilbur returns the favor by taking care of her eggs. Hana’s Suitcase is didactic because it conceptualizes on an idea about discrimination on Jews and talks about some history of Czechoslovakia set in the 1900’s. A girl who is the same as her peer suffers an unjust experience. Children received the story with the greatest interest. This serves as instrument that provoked them to understand the evil of intolerance and racism at their young age. Hana’s suitcase is filled with the love and thoughts of thousands of children. It may appear empty, but it is once again, miraculously, packed – with life and joy. It arouses the mind of the children to think positively out of the context of the sad ending of the story. It is entertaining because it shows a historical setting and us, being in a contemporary are being amused by the changes in the course of history. Aside from that, trifles- insignificant yet Your surname 3 significant in this story, traces in the suitcase triggers us surprised and excitement on what will happen next in the story. Paper Bag Princess is didactic in a way that it teaches us to be courageous, willing to sacrifice ourselves for the needy and at the same time teaches us to balance the heart and the mind. If others cannot appreciate the help that you did, let them because good deeds need not to be rewarded by words of mortal but in God’s kingdom. It is entertaining because it shows the comic side of the story by the dragon’s character. It affects our sense of humor by the antics done by a dragon. Usually we think of a dragon as merciless, cannibal and ferocious beings but this time the author serves a different attack on a character supposedly unlike by children. Another thing is the character of Princess Elizabeth, where a princess should be modest, tactful, graceful and educated but in this story a princess is brave like a knight , witty and dirty as needed for the development of the story’s childish side. The characteristic of being didactic in Charlotte’s Web is shown on giving the moral of the story that a friend in need is a friend in indeed. It teaches us that life is easy with friends. Your facade or outside appearance is not a hindrance for doing good. Just like in the story a spider may look tough and scary but she proves that she can also be as nice and beautiful in the way of the heart. The entertainment on Charlotte’s Web lies on giving the character justice by putting animals as lead. A pig is characterized by being foul-smelling, unorganized, filthy and a spider as an organized and self-centered being , but we are entertained by the fact that the story creates a different side of each- a pig being empathic and a spider being friendly. Every farm animal has a character of its own that resembles a human being that is kind, compassionate and helpful to other beings. Hana’s Suitcase, Paper Bag Princess and Charlotte’s Web denotes a higher level of giving a child what he needs to progress in terms of acquisition of ideas expressed by these literature. It is Your surname 4 not only for the kids but for all ages, These three just focus on children especially on characters to establish an easy and clear connection to reality and the contemporary without lessening the value that it has to offer . Hana bears the quality of humility, Elizabeth being courageous and Charlotte being compassionate. Three young individuals that changes a person’s life because of their actions in the story. They have a major role in forming a young mind to be a law-abiding citizen, to be a model to others, just like what they did. They may be fictional but their character’s aren’t. Each of us has a capacity to change the world having the chance to do so. A piece of literature can be didactic and at the same time entertaining and educational depending on how a person relate himself to it. It only requires the awakening of your hidden individuality to perceive what a literature wants you to visualize and eventually take into action whatever good you have acquired from a children’s literature. Children’s literature satisfies a particular human need. It allows the embodiment of ideas to become a concrete one and eventually be applied to the good of humanity in forms of acts and other activities that will promote human welfare. Your surname Works Cited Munsch, R. (1985). Paper Bag Princess. San Diego: Annick Press.

Max Weber: Iron Cage

According to him the modern era human beings, especially in the western capitalist society are increasingly being caught in the process of Rationalism and the factors elated to it such as, Bureaucracy, Disenchantment and Individualism. Through this essay we intent to agree with Weber about how he thought that Modern Capitalism in which people are rational is literally inescapable process in which they are getting locked into, and this ultimately gives rise to bureaucracy.We will give some evidences proving Weber ideas on how the protestant ethics contributed to the rise of capitalism and also show how there are no solid alternatives to this problem of bureaucracy. In his book â€Å"Protestantism and the Spirit of Capitalism†, Weber told us the Protestants who started off with an Ascetic life to whom their work was there â€Å"calling† I. E. Their only purpose in life was to work all day and not get pleasure from the fruits of their labor as self consumption was consider ed morally wrong because they were not to enjoy the money they earn on themselves.But later on with the emergence of the modern capitalism, the Protestants eventually ended up in focusing more on the pursuit of money. They started applying rational and scientific methods in the ways of making money to increase their profit margins. This rational way is very much evident even today because people have lost their religious values and in the capitalist society we have now, they just want to seek more and more profit and build wealth more than they possibly could require.According to Weber this went against the traditional Catholic Doctrine where they intent to avoid materialist pursuit by adopting the spiritual way of life. This had a huge impact on people's life because in the capitalist society today most people are not concerned with the nature of their job nor do they enjoy it much as long as heir social status is maintained and their financial goals are accomplished.Weber through his writing has explained how people especially in the west were developing this rational, methodological and a calculating approach to lead a life which had completely triumphed over the old traditional and irrational way of making money to please the God. In the process of making money, whether you like it or not you are forced to adopt this methodological way where you work day and night not to get close to God but to gain profit and this is what Weber thought as the â€Å"Iron Cage of Capitalism†, in which you continually pursue your calling and the spirit of capitalism is a cage where we are imprisoned in.However Weber felt that the protestant ethics did not directly lead to spirit of capitalism, but it is one of the main factors that lead to it. According to him the old traditional way which was based mostly on kinship and values has shifted its form to goal oriented rationality. This is where Weber is switching his writings and explaining how the modern capitalism whic h gave rise to strict set of rules and regulations is directly giving rise to the growth of Bureaucracy because bureaucracy is the main example of Rationalization.Weber argued that the rational goal oriented profit seeking ways had a tremendous impact on people's lives because this had dominated their behavior so much that the old spiritual values are being lost in the modern era. People were abandoning God, religion and spirituality in the name of freedom, insisting that it was not possible to free with the restrictions that the religions impose but they forget to realize that they themselves were becoming slaves oftener own material pursuit.This is what he meant by â€Å"Iron Cage† of Rationalism. This had increased their interest in power and authority which has taken the form of bureaucracy. Weber also explained the long term processes of Rationalism from which the magic has taken Out Of the world and there are no intrinsic mysteries in the world because the life has beco me so predictable and understandable that we could know the reason behind anything in world hence it makes life very dull and boring.According to him the modern world has lost its enchantment because people have mastered in the scientific knowledge in the rational way ND science has empowered them. In the book, Max Weber: Reading and Commentary on Modernity, Bureaucracy is described as â€Å"the means of transforming social actions into rationally organized action† (pig 214). Weber now is giving the example of bureaucratic organization which is enslaving people. According to Weber, Bureaucracy does have a lot of positive implications because these are effective in reaching the goal in a rational manner.It gives individuals more security in their respective work areas unlike the feudal system and also sakes more specialists in a particular area of the organization. However Weber also points out the negative effects of bureaucracy as well. Bureaucratic organizations are the dom inant form of institution in the modern society. It involves Hierarchy in offices where there are clear command of structures and expects the employee who is on bottom to report the higher employee and so on.It has written documents for the rules of conduct and you have to obey whatever the organization expects from you. They are also considered as very impersonal because they take away our emotions and feelings out of the situation and force you to do exactly what is required from their job and now your â€Å"impersonal† duty of office becomes your â€Å"calling† of life, because even if you disagree with something you still have to do it because you are mandated to follow instructions and obey the authority.In other words, in this process of Rationalization where people are forced to do whatever the bureaucratic organization expects it to do is what Weber thought as the â€Å"Iron cage† of the Bureaucracy. This restricts people to be creative and spontaneous a nd you are trapped into this cage forever escaping from the traditional religious ways. Weber goes on to say that this has a drastic consequences in people's lives as it had created inequality which keeps on increasing and keeps popping up, getting bigger and bigger as it is spreading everywhere.Weber saw some alternatives to these dominant organizations such as a charismatic leader who can break away its populace from this organization because according to him it was the charismatic style of organizations that maintain social creativity by giving people more freedom from the rules and regulations. According to him a charismatic leader is a person who is creative and possess extra ordinary qualities who makes up their own rules and this is a good solution because charismatic ruler is somewhere in between the 2 extremes forms, Bureaucratic and traditional organizations.The big feature of expansion of bureaucracy is taking the charisma out of the organizations which trying very hard t o be an alternative and opposite of bureaucratic organization. However there is also a problem associated with charismatic Organization hat it has a transitional phenomenon, which means it is very hard to make it last for a long time in its purest form because eventually it ends up becoming either Traditional or Bureaucratic.He also explains another alternative is; for examples if you have a community involved in every single decision, it becomes very messy and hard in terms of getting things done in the right way and efficient manner because everyone has the equal calling. So these are the reasons you can't escape bureaucracy and it has become the basic feature of the modern capitalist society. As Weber states; â€Å"Once fully established, Bureaucracy is among those social Structures which is the hardest to destroy†(pig 214).

American Airlines Flight Essay

Through his 1997 Airframe novel, Michael Crichton describes Casey Singleton’s response after a plane that was manufactured by Norton Aircraft experiences an accident while in flight. Singleton is a quality assurance officer at Norton Aircraft. Does the story accurately portray an aircraft manufacturer’s response to an accident? By demonstrating that following the accident, Norton Aircraft works hard to ensure that it (Norton Aircraft) does not only ascertain the genesis of the accident, but also to try to exonerate itself from any culpability, Crichton presents an accurate picture of aircraft manufacturers’ reaction to plane accidents. To illustrate, Singleton puts forth great efforts to investigate the facts behind the accident (Crichton, 1996). It is notable that a Singleton is not interested in the numerous aspects that usually surround pane mishaps. Rather, she seeks to establish who erred with regard to the accident. This is the typical reaction of aircraft manufacturers after plane accidents; they seek to apportion blame rather than solve the problem. Does the story accurately portray the media’s response to an aircraft accident? Crichton also presents a credible description of how the news-hungry media usually responds after plane accidents. It is undisputable that media houses jostle to present that so-called ‘exclusive’ story to the public after air accidents. This trend is clearly exhibited by the plans by a local media house to air a sensational news program that has somewhat maliciously dubbed the ill-fated plane a ‘deathtrap’. The author thus describes and critiques the sensational attitude that the media shows towards plane accidents. What was your overall impression of the story? After studying Crichton’s story, I was pleased with the author’s description of events that closely resemble real-life aviation accidents. For example, in describing the circumstances as well as the cause of the accident, Crichton draws parallels with the American Airlines Flight 191 fatal crash. In addition, Singleton’s investigations reveal that the accident was partly caused by the captain’s error of allowing his inexperienced son to take charge of the aircraft. Similarly, the Aeroflot flight 593 mishap in 1994 originated from the pilot’s mistake of permitting his inexperienced son to man the flight. Discerning such parallels to real-life events makes me to like the novel owing to its seeming applicability in contemporary mishaps. On the other hand, after closely examining Crichton’s plot, I have deduced several themes which make the author’s text very significant. For example, the author describes events that seek to show that air accidents are usually blamed on the wrong parties. In this case, John Marder and his associates try to place the blame for the accident squarely on Singleton. After her investigations, Singleton however detects that the fault was in the person who was operating the aircraft, particularity the pilot. The author thus demonstrates that innocent and vulnerable parties usually unjustly carry the blame for plane accidents. This candid portrayal of the blame games that accompany plane accidents is an aspect that makes the author’s work worthy of praise. In addition, I marveled at Crichton’s demonstration that humans, as opposed to mechanical failures, are the main cause of plane accidents. The author thus eradicates the popular notion that machine failure is normally the major culprit behind plane accidents. To illustrate, the aircraft is functional as per Singleton’s investigations. Human error, in form of improper maintenance coupled with operational errors; make the plane to have the accident. Crichton thus debunks a popular myth related to aircraft accidents through the novel’s events. This aspect makes me to really like the author’s bluntness and originality. References Crichton, M. (1996). Airframe. New York: Knopf.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Qualitative Methodology

Cotte’s paper primarily deals with the Economic, Symbolic and Hedonic motives of gambling (2-3). Her method is centered on Ethnographic Participant Observation (1). The study was conducted on a Northeastern casino (10) for 90 hours that was accumulated through 30 visits between October 1995 and March 1996 (9). This critique will concentrate on the analysis of Cotte’s Literature Review, Research Design and Methods and Subjects chosen for the study. Literature Review Cotte’s literature review tackles the economic, symbolic and hedonistic motives of recreational gambling.With an emphasis centered on â€Å"Experiential Consumption† (6) which explains the role of motives in human behaviors and decisions, the paper was able to prove its point that the human drive to gamble stems out from the desire to learn and evaluate the game (12), to have a feeling of a â€Å"rush† (14), to demonstrate self definition such as being a â€Å"variety-seeker, rebel, and casino pro† (15), to fulfill the desire to be a risk-taker (18) and to view â€Å"cognitive self classification† that is primarily achieved through â€Å"interpersonal relationships† (19).Similarly, the study reveals that urge for â€Å"emotional self classifications† are also evident (19); similarly, human competition (20) and communion (21) are also part of the characteristics that were studied. The paper’s main criticism for the author’s literature review is: Cotte, by opting to focus on the hedonistic aspect of gambling has established the claim that recreational gambling primarily is a result of emotion in its most â€Å"barbaric sense† and provides no rational explanation whatsoever on the concept of recreational gambling.Cotte presented eight cells (12-21) which tells the reason in a form of conversation between her (i. e. the researcher) or other people through overheard conversations or observations explaining why people gambl e. It could be significantly noted that Cotte have made various explanations linking the results of the observation and or interview to her related literature; and it appears that those explanations are only liked to the situations wherein there is an emphasis on the hedonistic drive (12-18).The author explained that the feeling of excitement, rush, the unknown etc are the primary reasons why people keep on coming back to the casino and even bringing their families with them to gamble as well (18). However, the paper would like to assert that although the first few cells are significantly linked on the theories that the author used, the last three cells were explained by the author in such an abrupt manner that she suddenly inserts a theory that in no way was she was able to elaborate on her literature review (19, 21).The Utilitarian Theory which definition is not established or discussed at all was inserted and was used to explain â€Å"emotional self classification† (19) an d communing (21) . In virtue of its philosophical roots, the Utilitarian theory was introduced by JS Mill and is commonly known of having this maxim: the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. However, the paper would want to establish that the author coined a different concept to the theory by equating utilitarianism to â€Å"rationality† which is definitely not the case.The paper acknowledges however that linguistics of course allows convention to give a different meaning to a particular word. However, if this is the case, the author should have at least provided an operational definition on her review of related literature. Research Design and Methods The author’s method is qualitative research focusing on Ethnographic Participant Observation (1). Her data gathering method was done primarily through unstructured interviews (Bailey, 1994) and observation (Holloway, 2002). The paper has two main criticisms: (1) Unstructured interviews are rela tively prone to bias (Bailey, 1994, 195).The unstructured interview wherein the interviewer has the advantages of probing her subjects more has a high degree of possibility to be interpreted in a different manner than what the subjects really intend it to be (195). Also, in comparing the unstructured interview to the structured interview, Bailey argued that â€Å"the mere fact that a highly structured interview has a neatly typed questionnaire is easy to code, and seems to be reliable does not ensure that the information gathered will be superior to that gathered with an unstructured interview† (195).(2) The second criticism of the paper is that observations that are primarily documented through field notes and should be in four types: condensed account, the expanded account, the fieldwork journal, and analysis and interpretation notes (Holloway, 2002, 135). However, it could be noted that the author has made clear on her paper that she only has â€Å"field notes† (whi ch is a generalized note) and â€Å"introspections† (10) for her data gathering. Holloway (2002) by quoting Spradley (1979) on her book explained that it is necessary that all of these field notes should be done by any researcher who will use the Ethnographic method.However, the paper also recognizes the advantages of the unstructured research. It is also noted by Bailey (1994) that most cases reveal that unstructured interviews have the capability of eliciting more favorable responses from its subjects. The fact that the interview is more informal in its setting and is generally friendly, most researchers are able to get the innermost feelings of their subjects that the subjects on the other hand might not consciously realize that they possess.Similarly, the descriptive ethnography method (Holloway, 2002) is capable of presenting an account of a particular behavior on a specific area or industry. Similar on the case of the recreational gamblers in the northeast, the author w as able to present what type of recreational gamblers those people are going in that casino. Cotte’s output as she stated on the latter part of her paper could be grounds for better and improved researches. Subjects of the Study The subjects of the study are randomly chosen.As evident on the research conducted, the author claims that most of the data gathered are from abrupt conversations, overheard conversations and observations. Hence, the paper claims that there is no way that the author could further verify if the same emotions or motives still apply after that particular day or the days after that particular study. Similarly, the context of the study (Holloway, 2002) that is in Northeast America does not allow the study’s conclusion to be extended to other locations or cultural contexts. Conclusion:The paper would say that the author’s attempts to verify that recreational gambler’s motivations in gambling are primarily driven by their hedonistic moti ves are successful. However, there should be enough detail that should be given in terms of the literature’s completeness, further efforts to make the methodology more valid and a more diverse choosing of the respondents. Literature Cited Holloway, I. (2002). Qualitative Research Methods in Public Relations and Marketing Communications. London: Routledge. Bailey K. (1994). Methods of Social Research. New York: The Free Press.

Is cloud computing beneficial to organizations Annotated Bibliography

Is cloud computing beneficial to organizations - Annotated Bibliography Example It also compiles information on software as a service, platform as a service and infrastructure as service styles of its architecture. The paper carries useful information to beginners. 3. Matt Goldner (2010). Winds of Change: Libraries and Cloud Computing. [Online]: OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.. 3. Available at [https://docs.google.com/viewer] Last Accessed on 24th Sep 2012 This early article contains definition for cloud computing and its characteristically high benefits compared to old systems. Author then describes improvement of technology, data and community of libraries using cloud computing. This is a case study based article focusing the financial aspects of cloud computing in businesses. Author describes changing production architecture as the main source of reducing cost. He also explains balancing risks between customer and service provider. Paper employs a simple approach to introduce cloud computing to readers by describing its characteristics compared to old systems. Uses are broadly described in the next section. Focus of the paper narrows down to application in academic institutions in the final section. Using cloud computing to solve specific problems in academic institutions is described in this paper. Authors recommend integrating industrial IT resources with academic institutions in order to use resources economically. Importance of facilitating student researches in software engineering is also highlighted. 7. Wardley, S, Goyer E, and Barcet N, "Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud Architecture," 2009, [Online]: Available at [http://www.canonical.com/sites/default/files/active/Whitepaper-UbuntuEnterpriseCloudArchitecture-v1.pdf.] Last Accessed on 24th Sep 2012 This paper focuses on Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud (UEC). The chapters discuss its internal architecture and characteristic advantages over security, networking and scalability in cloud computing. These are presented in detail with related technical

Taj Mahal Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Taj Mahal - Statistics Project Example Taj Mahal, one of the greatest structures on earth and wonders of this globe, was built by the Mughals, Muslim rulers of India. Meaning "crown palace", Taj Mahal is expressed differently by some as a "dream" others as "elegy in marble". At the lower chamber, Taj Mahal houses the queen’s grave and Shah Jahan was also added after her passing. Traditionally significant ladies of the royal families were given different names at the temple during their marriage or in some significant function (McCarthy, 2011). Constructed over a period of twenty-two years, the temple was completed in 1648 C.E. with a fee of 32 million rupee. Its architect, a renowned individual at his time, is considered to have done a magnificent work. He was also the individual who documented everything, which is used today to study the temple. This was from the twenty thousand workers who worked on the temple to the inventory and the sources of the materials used. Among the employees were expert craftsmen from L ahore, Delhi, Qannauj and Multan and others who worked on specialized tasks (McCarthy, 2011). Soaring to a height of 213 feet, the structure has a diameter of 58 feet and is flanked by four subsidiary dome chambers (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 1992). The entire structure (both outside and the interior) is designed and decorated with inlaid patterns of flowers and calligraphy using precious gems such as agates and jaspers. The main archways are chiseled with passages from the Holy Quran and bold works of flowering pattern., which give the structure a mesmerizing charm to its beauty. It uses the architectural design of interlocking arabesque concept, which dictates that each element has its own stand and perfectly intergrates with the main structure. Historically, Taj Mahal is presented as a love story that begins in 1612 when Princess Arjumand Bano from Persia married Shah Jahan (the then prince of Khurram) and the Mughal emperor. After marriage, Arjumand Bano’s name was changed to Mumtaz Mahal (the chosen of the palace) and was the second wife to the emperor (Zahoor & Haq, 1997). Being a companion and advisor to the throne, the queen travelled with the emperor on his journeys and military expeditions. Her companionship sparked the emperor’s heart and brought positive effect to the emperor inspiring him to perform acts of charity and benevolence throughout his life. A serious turn took place during a campaign at Burhanpur when Mumtaz Mahal gave birth to their 14th offspring (Zahoor & Haq, 1997). Divested by this act, the emperor and the court went into mourning for over 2 years within a few months after death of the queen. It is said that Shah’s hair and beard turned white, and he was recklessly determined to build a monument in consorts and loving memory of his beloved wife, and that was how a structure never seen before like Taj Mahal came to mind. The queen’s dead body was taken to Agra and buried in a garden on the banks of Yamun River (Simmons, 2002). A group of the finest architects were later called upon to come up wi th a plan for erecting a tomb for her. Usta Isa, a Persian master architect, was called upon to design the structure. Usta Isa commenced his works with his assistant and 20000 laborers,

Policy Innovation Application Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy Innovation Application Paper - Essay Example who took a more aggressive and innovative policy in implementing greenhouse emission controls. As an example we will take the case of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and the California vehicle emission standards. The California vehicle emission standards require a limitation on the amount of pollutants that an automobile releases in the atmosphere. This also applied to other powered vehicles that include industry, small equipments (such as lawn mowers and diesel generators) and power plants where their greenhouse emission is also strictly regulated. The Federal Government of the United States regulates the emission standards of all carbon emitting motors through its agency named Environmental Protection Agency. The state of California however has a permission to implement a more stringent regulatory emission standards compared to the Federal Government’s regulatory standard. The regulatory rules are crafted by the California Air Reserve Board or â€Å"CARB†. ... It was a four year court challenge that â€Å"resulted from the California’s South Coast Air Quality Management District’s (SCAQMD) Fleet rules that required various public and private operators of fleets of 15 or more vehicles in the SCAQMD basin (Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange and Riverside) to purchase alternative fuel vehicles or certain cleaner fuel vehicles authorized under the California’s emission standards program (Osenga, 2004). The RGCI or the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative is an initiative by the states in Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic part of the United States (includes Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island and Vermont) who committed to reduce carbon emissions from the power sector by capping it to 10 percent by 2010. It is a carbon cap and trade program whose proceeds from its emission permit auctioning will be used to promote energy conservation and use of renewable progra m (Anon., 2007). II. Which policy is more effective? The California vehicle emission standards whose rule and regulations are set by the California Air Reserve Board or â€Å"CARB† is more effective and responsive to pressing issues of pollution and climate change in the short term. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative however is more effective for a longer term solution of the Greenhouse problem as it caps emission and has a component of raising funds to increase the use of renewable energy which intends to replace the carbon emitting power plants. For a more effective policy implementation of addressing the carbon emission and climate change, the combination of the two is more

'Prior to 1850, inter-ethnic relations among Asian populations were Essay

'Prior to 1850, inter-ethnic relations among Asian populations were marked by cultural stereotypes and occasional hostility, b - Essay Example Firstly, one can consider the roles that economics and business played in the context of colonialism. At the root of this, there existed the profound desire to profit and benefit from the riches that could be extracted from around the globe. Within such an understanding, one can see that colonialism was fundamentally a means by which the colonial powers sought to better themselves, the nation, and their respect and prestige. One might argue that racism is therefore not the motive by which colonialism was able to spread its influence. However, must consider the fact of what specific mindset stimulated colonialism in the first place. Ultimately, there was the idea that other non—white populations were of little to no value and therefore could be exploited without any moral dilemmas. Thus, slavery, genocide, rape, and the deprivation of wealth and culture could be precipitated by the colonial power with little concern regarding how the actions might affect the indigenous populati ons. In such a way, the understanding that colonialism was ultimately and primarily an economic system that shows aspects of racism, begins to unravel (Chambers). Due to the fact that such a system cannot and would not have existed had there not been a profound level of racial superiority in the first place, it is the understanding of this author that the economic explanation and definition of colonialism is ultimately only part of the explanation. Secondly, for those that might be tempted to view Hirschman’s argument that colonialism was solely defined by race, it can and should be considered that the racial understanding, with regards to how Europeans integrated with the subjugated populations, differed widely based upon who the colonial ruler was and what geographic/ethnic communities they might be integrating with at the given time. Although it may be convenient to assume that colonial rule was undifferentiated, racist, xenophobic, and uniform throughout the entire world, the fact of the matter is that there was a varying degree of severity, cruelty, and respect- or disrespect, existed depending on the context. For instance, when one compares the means by which the British colonial powers integrated with and dealt with their Indian colonies, this cannot be compared with the way that they dealt with some of their African holdings. The same can of course be said with regards to the means by which the British managed and integrated with their Caribbean holdings as well as their Asian and Southeast Asian holdings. Within these areas, it was common for the British to enslave and impress the natives and various levels of servitude, such actions were not necessarily common within other colonial holdings. Evidence of this is of course seen across the board with relation to how the British interacted with every single one of their colonial possessions within Asia. Whereas colonial treatment was nominally better in sectors of mainland China and certain parts of India, the enslavement and use of the population as coolies in the majority of Asian colonies was uniform and a pervasive tactic of British and other European powers colonial method of operation (Bradley, 2004). Evidence of this can of course be seen with relation to