Microsoft’s Internalization in China

Questions: 1. Explain your companys profile as an MNC? 2. Use one theory related to globalisation of business to analyse the status of your company? 3. What is entry strategy performed by the company? 4. What are the key international business challenges for your company? 5. From the UN Global Compact Principles/Sustainable Development Goals, which area that your MNC will need to focus in their current and future business Why? Answers: Introduction: Microsoft Company is a multinational corporation that is headquartered in the United States of America and was established back in1975 under a strong leadership and visionary leaders who saw it grow to the present state of the company. It is incumbent to note that it is among the leading multinational firms in the manufacturing of technology related devices such as computers, gaming, and tablets among a wide range of other gadgets (Chan, 2014). This activity immensely helps to place the product it in a better competitive position with the other rival as well as coexistent companies. In the current context, the Microsofts investment strategies in China have been considered for further evaluation. 1. Analysis of Microsoft: Companys profile as an MNC Ideally, it is in the top position globally regarding developing systems licenses and supporting of wider range software gadgets and the services under their reputable brand. Primarily, it centers on the production of operating systems, desktop, cross-device productivity applications, server management tools, service applications, and another array of tools and services that suit the demand of its market at a particular time of the season (Dempsey, 2017). Nonetheless, being a large company, it does work under different challenges due to its size and other multiple investments it has made in various countries in the world. The significant problem is the high competition level and the fast changing technology and other riskiness that centers it due to its size and further expansion to other areas that are very prone to some influential factors such as insecurity. Notably, the company has devised some clear modus operandi to counter some of the challenges the firm is undergoing through so as to heighten its productivity and efficiency in the market. Dunning Eclectic Paradigm theory This theory primarily states that a country has an absolute advantage if it can meet the demands of its consumers by maintaining the efficiency of the highest order so as to enhance the productivity and mutuality which would in turn work to the advantage of the company (Da Veiga and Martins 2015). The theory further states that when two different countries specialize in various products, there is a higher likelihood of the two nations increasing their sales since the demands of their products would be readily available for consumption due to their variability in products. There are three major factors of Dunning Eclectic Paradigm theory considered at the time of making international business decisions. These factors are Ownership advantage, Internationalization advantage as well as location advantage. Figure 1: Dunning Eclectic Paradigm Theory (Source: Kotabe and Kothari 2016) Microsoft has a significant advantage in the context of ownership in China. For instance Microsoft owns an international research lab in the Chinese market, which is predicted to largest software market in near future. In addition to that, Microsoft has effectively established partnership with the Chinese municipality as well as central government. The most attractive market for information system is major advantage for Microsoft. The internalization of Microsoft in Chinese soil provides a very intense advantage in comparison with the costs associated to the offshore business. For instance, Microsoft sells more than 5 million computers every year in China (Khanna and Palepu 2013). In addition to that, rapid industrialization drive of Chinese government provides an ample opportunity for Microsoft to choose most attractive location. Therefore, we can easily analyses that the Chinese investment is most beneficial for every factor of Dunning Eclectic Paradigm theory. 2. Analysis of China Factors affecting Firms choice Business scholars view a multinational business as one of the most costly and risky endeavors. Therefore, it requires a clear outline of modus operandi so as to prevent havoc which comes with poor planning of one's business. Microsoft Company has operations in the entire world, and thus its entry into Chinese market was influenced by quite some factors in the hosting country such as political, economic, technological, and social issues (Aithal et al. 2015). These factors are discussed below: Competitiveness: The infrastructural development drive has made the Chinese market as most attractive for Microsoft. In addition to that, China is one of the major pool of skilled labor, which was the influential factor for any information system company. The business value chain development in China also helped Microsoft to invest in China more easily (Shaw and Luiz 2017). The employees in China are both skilled as well as low cost, which attracted Microsoft to attain evident competitive advantage. Regulatory Environment: Chinese has been most accommodating to the foreign companies, as the state was in dire need of FDI. The favorable policies and rules significantly encouraged Microsoft to invest in China. In addition to that, joint venture with the other software companies in China enabled Microsoft to have greater customer base. Stability: The political and economic stability has been another major contributor for Microsoft to make decision of investing in China (Da Veiga and Martins 2015). The peoples liberation party has been strongly governed Chinese state for a long time. In addition to that, continuous economic growth has attracted Microsoft to invest in China. Local Chinese Market and Business Climate: The local Chinese market has been focused on modernization. The need of digital technology has been quite effective to make the business climate favorable for Microsoft. The drive of modernization from the government also attracted Microsoft as they have the facility to partner with the municipality and central government. In addition to that, huge population also presented a major scope to attain lucrative growth for the company. Uppsala internationalization theory Uppsala internationalization theory will be utilized precisely due to its wide range of application and because it provides one with valuable knowledge on operations of MNCs. This theory outlines characteristics of the international companies by describing their rudimentary understanding of the market overseas before one commences on the establishment of the business. It states that a multinational corporation should guarantee the host company on the trust and the commitment (Gunnigle et al. 2015). This statement falls under the political scenario since the state regulations such has payment of taxes and adhering to the rules and regulations enforced by the hosting company pertaining foreign investors should be followed. Microsoft effectively followed this theory at the time of expanding its business in China. Microsoft never exported directly to China. It established its representative office in Beijing. It has created its own sales branch in China. It has mainly focused on Chinese language software, Chinese friendly computers as well as training program. Currently, the sales and marketing headquarter of Microsoft is located in Shanghai. The commitment of Microsoft towards Chinese market has increased in such extent that the company is focused on making its products available and simplified to the Chinese (Sisko et al. 2014). In addition to that, Microsoft has announced that it has been committed to increase its investment in the cloud computing sector of China. 3. Foreign Entry Strategy: Chow (2016) alludes that running the business at an international caliber requires a very authentic approach due to the myriad of problems in which one has to face before fully establishing the business. For that case, Microsoft Company was subjected to come up with the wisest idea on how to take technology business elsewhere away from their motherland. One of the major strategies applied was the public policy approach. This tactic was implemented in the majority of their host countries. The main reason for using this method was to protect their intellectual capability in the market. This strategy was profitable since the firms within the regions in which they were trading more so in Europe were not sophisticated as Microsoft. Therefore, it gave this corporation an opportunity to enjoy the accruals which come with monopoly market (Dyreng and Markle 2016). Despite that, they experienced pitfalls as a result of the uprising from different groups who filed cases in the court of law dema nding that Microsoft should withdraw from being a monopolistic association. However, they succeeded since they were supported by the government of the United States in the court battles. Secondly, Microsoft used a strategy of closely partnering with the government in the hosting country. For instance, in China after a long period of unrest and rejection of their products, Microsoft applied this tactic. After an extended period of reviews from the government agencies, they were given an opportunity of carrying out their trading activities. Besides, the government of China and Beijing who had refuted seriously on their products legalized millions of computers from the Microsoft Company to be used in the state offices (Kaynak et al. 2014). This take by the two governments played a key role in ensuring that counterfeit Microsoft products in the country from the companies who were illegally using the Microsoft software were done away with completely. Consequently, Microsoft increased its sales in these countries and also building up of a great relationship between this Bill Gates Company and the government of China. 4. MNC and Its Impacts: International Business Challenges In spite of being the best company in personal computing technology in the world, Microsoft faces many problems. According to Vlcek (2017), Microsoft Company is on the verge of collapsing due to the challenges in which it is encountering despite that it was once an icon company in the world. Struggling PC market has been listed as one of the matters which if not dealt with on time, this company might regret ever joining the business world. The Personal Computing system in the recent years has been outlawed by the emergence of Smartphone and tablets (Chow 2015). Most of the consumers prefer using the Smartphone and the tablets since they are not cumbersome and it offers the same internet services just like the case of the PC. For that reason, the sale of the PC has become a menace to the company since the rate at which the consumers are purchasing them is quite minimal. Additionally, device failure brought forth to a distraught image of the corporation. For instance, in their attempt to use their product Zune to emulate Apple's iPod was faced with massive embarrassment due to crashing and burning of that product (Roggi et al. 2017). Nevertheless, development momentum has shown more favor to the use of the Android and iOS since they are more profitable as compared to Microsoft. The company's intention to center their attention on both hardware and software in the mobile industry is subject to internal business conflicts thus hampering their progress. Such problems have made the international market to retreat on dealing with their products since they have started experiencing a lot of doubts on its standards. The competition menace is facing this company resulting from different companies' competing for the same market overseas alarming. This problem has caused consecutive losses which its recovery is not easy. It is crucial for the management to see k on how they can curtail these matters so as to prevent the entire corporation from collapsing. Areas that Microsoft need to focus United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) are the agendas in which this body came up with an objective of improving the living standards and making the world a better place by the year 2030. The goal of the UN focal point will come into realization with the aid from the established and the upcoming companies and different groups and civil societies in the world. Microsoft need to focus on its cloud computing business more significantly. The demand of cloud computing in China has been growing in an exponential manner. On the other hand, the organizations also have to keep in mind that the Chinese Government is committed to make their own counterpart operating system so that foreign companies cannot dominate Chinese market. This attitude can be a major threat for Microsoft in near future. Moreover, the company also has to check the software piracy. It has been continuously incurred loss for the company. Conclusion: To conclude, Kotabe and Kothari (2016) assert that Microsoft Company should focus on the provision of quality education by sponsoring their employees to learn more about systems so as to help in facilitating innovation. By doing so, Microsoft Company will be in better place to production since the world is fast moving towards sustainable quality education. More so, they should embrace upon corporate social responsibility by sponsoring developing countries in which they are trading in by constructing schools and installing them with modern learning facilities. Reflection I have learnt that this assistance will greatly help in boosting the education standards across the world (Choi Lee, 2016). Microsoft Company can as well ensure that they are responsible for consumption and production. They should devise a mechanism by which they ensure that as they make the PCs its output and the resources used are reasonable enough. Microsoft Company should also come up with products which are environmentally friendly. It is devastating to see how their products such as computers pose a lot of danger to human health due to the emissions they produce. References Aguilera-Caracuel, J., Guerrero-Villegas, J. and Morales-Raya, M., 2015. Corporate Citizenship of Multinational Enterprises and Financial Performance: The Moderating Effect of Operating in Developing Countries. Ethical Perspectives, 22(3), pp.437-467. Aithal, P.S., Shenoy, P. and Neelam, P., 2015. Opportunities Challenges in Starting Software Company in Developing Countries. Chan, L.Y., 2014. Corporate social responsibility of multinational corporations. Choi, E. and Lee, K.C., 2016. Relationship between social network structure dynamics and innovation: Micro-level analyses of virtual cross-functional teams in a multinational B2B firm. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, pp.151-162. Chow, D.C., 2015. How China Promotes Its State-Owned Enterprises at the Expense of Multinational Companies Doing Business in China and in Other Countries. Chow, D.C., 2016. China's Enforcement of Its Anti-Monopoly Law and Risks to Multinational Companies. Santa Clara J. Int'l L., 14, p.99. Da Veiga, A. and Martins, N., 2015. Factorial invariance of an information security culture assessment instrument for multinational organisations with operations across data protection jurisdictions. Dempsey, P., 2017. The Teardown: Microsoft Surface Studio PC. Engineering Technology, 12(1), pp.80-81. Dyreng, S.D. and Markle, K.S., 2016. The Effect of Financial Constraints on Income Shifting by US Multinationals. The Accounting Review, 91(6), pp.1601-1627. Gunnigle, P., Pulignano, V., Edwards, T., Belizn, M.J., Navrbjerg, S., Olsen, K.M. and Susaeta, L., 2015. Advancing understanding on industrial relations in multinational companies: Key research challenges and the INTREPID contribution. Journal of Industrial Relations, Kaynak, E., Mockler, R. and Dologite, D.G., 2014. Multinational strategic management: an integrative entrepreneurial context-specific process. Routledge. Khanna, T. and Palepu, K., 2013. Winning in emerging markets: A road map for strategy and execution. Harvard Business Press. Kotabe, M. and Kothari, T., 2016. Emerging market multinational companies evolutionary paths to building a competitive advantage from emerging markets to developed countries. Journal of World Business, 51(5), pp.729-743. Pitelis, C.N. and Teece, D., 2015. Dynamic Capabilities, the Multinational Corporation, and (Capturing Co-Created Value from) Innovation. Roggi, O., Giannozzi, A. and Baglioni, T., 2017. Valuing emerging markets companies: new approaches to determine the effective exposure to country risk. Research in International Business and Finance, 39, pp.553-567. Shaw, B. and Luiz, J.M., 2017. The Impact of Distance (External) and Organizational Factors (Internal) on the Knowledge Chain of Multinational Corporations: South Africa as a Host Country. Thunderbird International Business Review. Sisko Maarit Lipiinen, H., Ensio Karjaluoto, H. and Nevalainen, M., 2014. Digital channels in the internal communication of a multinational corporation. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 19(3), pp.275-286. Vlcek, W., 2017. Multinational Corporations and the Digital Economy. In Offshore Finance and Global Governance (pp. 43-70). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

13 Best Jobs For Good Work-Life Balance

13 Best Jobs For Good Work-Life Balance we have a reputation in america for working too hard. more and more americans are working an average of more than 58 hours a week, well beyond the standard 40. but what if you want a better work/life balance? according to census data, the average american works approximately 39 hours and has a median income of $32,000 per year. but here are 13 positions that pay much better for roughly the same time on the job.postal service clerks work about 39.32 hours a week for a median earned income of $51,000.speech language pathologists work about 36.17 hours a week and make roughly $54,000.registered nurses and psychologists make about $56,000 a year, and work an average of 37.59 and 36.75 hours a week, respectively.chiropractors and occupational therapists each make an average of $60,000 a year working 36.02-39.75 hours.technical writers earn an annual average of $62,000 for 39.61 hours a week.physical therapists work about 37.43 hours a week and earn about $63,000.audiologists work roughly 37.77 hours a week for about $64,000, and radiation therapists make a median income of $70,000 a year for 38.4 hours.the biggest winners are optometrists, pharmacists, and dentists who work an average workweek of 37.83-39.03 hours, but make a whopping $100,000-$130,000 a year.consider one of these careers if you want to optimize your work-life balance and your bank account!the 13 highest-paying jobs for people who want to work less than 40 hours a week

Platos thoughts about education

Platos thoughts about education The modern governing system is a complex network of political parties, and the work of such parties involves moving towards the administration and order in the country. Very often, there are inequalities in the rulings of the governments and social divisions.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Plato’s thoughts about education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The battle between different classes in society, democracy, human rights and the type of government are born through people having private property and the amount, as well as quality of the said attributes connected to the government and its goals. Plato was one amongst several famous thinkers who extensively spoke about government, its types and how the social life and education were all interconnected within a civilized nation. The reality of today shows that there are many people who possess much more than is needed for the necessities of life. This can be said about any society, as there are always people who are more successful than a large portion of the population and this is true of any nation. Modernization has changed the world, as such, information and knowledge- education, is beginning to play the most important role in the governance and understanding of politics and how the world works. Plato’s thoughts about education focused on the search for talented people and then giving them best education. Then, these people will be running the country because they are better skilled and educated. The state or government will be responsible for giving education to the children and so, the people will get the learning and training that the government and society must have for a well-balanced population. Arts, music and moral development were key points in Plato’s understanding of the learning process which leads to proper governance. Both Aristotle and Plato believed that people must be well educated for the state and benefit of society. Aristotle’s strategy in education, on the other hand, is more structured and repetitive, and it is a good thing because it makes a person used to the order. But human nature is a big part of learning process and a person must trust his or her own feelings and thoughts.Advertising Looking for book review on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plato’s â€Å"Republic† is filled with moral questions that pertain to forms of government and the most rightful way of carrying out order. One of the problems of the governmental system is that it is centralized; this leads to an inability to closely detail the issues that are the concern of localities and communities. The government should adhere to the issues of the society and the needs of majority. It is extremely difficult to analyze the necessities of people when the physical and moral location is so far away. The workin g class is forced to exist down below, as they have no voice and ability to spring to power. This type of life was existent before and is still continuing. People are very much limited by their resources and ability to voice an opinion that will be heard. One of the most important aspects of any national and working class movement is the organization. The population must be educated on the current issues and unite with the common goal. The main point is to establish a democratic government. It is also desired that countries increase their standards to the international level and join in the mission to help others. This is the time when the developed and the developing worlds should come together in the common direction towards democracy and world peace. This can be seen as a globalization of the world but without the negative effect, which is usually attributed to globalization, in destroying the fabric of the country and its culture. Presently, the countries that are members of NAT O are all liberal market democracies and the decisions taken are usually put forward by the richest members. Moreover, in finding ways on how to address the poorer nations and help them find new ways of functioning, the members simply try to include their participation in the market economy, instead of helping directly. As Plato’s views are reflected in Aristotle’s writings on constitution and government, it is clear that the best type of government is where people have their rights and freedoms protected, and the government exists for the people. As such, the implementation of certain conditions that would require a country to change economic and political set up and act as a tradeoff between people and rulers, it could be one the best avenues to take.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Plato’s thoughts about education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is greatly noticeable that the cooper ation between the counties and nation with democracy is beneficial to the partnering nations or each individual one. Comparing to the countries where there is anarchy, people live for constant fight with the hope to someday attain victory. The political system of the world makes cooperation very hard but not impossible. One of the most important aspects of democracy between democratic countries, are the citizens and the opinions and relationship they have with the government. It is obvious that even in the ancient times people realized that democracy and parliament are the best primary form of government, while the cooperation and unions of countries and nations is the second step in world unification. Classical conservatives define true national freedom as a privilege that must be controlled from reaching chaotic behaviors. Freedom itself is a good thing but when people are allowed to do whatever they want, they start to act in their own interests and to the detriment of society. T he government exists, so that it places certain restrains on the individuals in their actions. It must be a part of the orderly system that acts in the greater good of the whole society. The government is beneficial, as it sets criteria on what people can and cannot do, in a civilized manner, thus contributing to the freedom of everyone equally. Aristotle transfers over an idea that was shared with Plato, which is a form of â€Å"personal† relationship with the state or government. There must be a mutual and beneficial relationship between the two, as royalty and trust are an intricate part of any action. The liberals suggest that a government is true when it acts in the greatest benefit of people, works towards disarming of the military while conservatives apt for armed control.Advertising Looking for book review on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There has been an idea that in case disarming does take place, if there was a chance of war breaking out, the peaceful countries would gather their forces in advance. This would create a great amount of force and deter any violent conflict. In the study of the reasons why democracies have the right idea, realism is the method that is used most often. It is governed by the criteria that all states move towards power and security, while having an anarchic system. And in reality, it is the international system and not the governments themselves that determines the policies of a country. There were several studies that tried to find out the real reason why there was no open conflict between democracies. Some research showed that alongside war there were questionable conditions: civil strife, trade practice, covert subversion. At the same time, there was crisis-management, alliance membership, international treaties and dispute mediation. In reality, it is hard to establish if the democr atic countries are more perfect. There has been countless research that tried to prove if this fact is indeed true. The results showed controversial information; with some even being that this statement is not true. The problem lies in the times that these researches were carried out and the way the society and the world organizations defined proper state of affairs, conflict and peace. Very often, it was said that the only thing that these countries avoided, was openly violent conflict. Throughout history the government has exhibited certain qualities that stay the same even in the modern days. People are always demanding better lives and the governments come up with reasons why these demands cannot be met. In the end, the social battle is between two organizations. The government which has all the resources, power and control and the social class that struggles to make ends meet and support the order and proper ways of life. There are people that know things re supposed to be, and they are thought of as the great thinkers. It is a sad truth, but it should be the other way around, people with great ideas in the government, instead of as outsiders and simple folk.

Did Moses Write the Pentateuch or the Book of Moses in the Bible Research Paper

Did Moses Write the Pentateuch or the Book of Moses in the Bible - Research Paper Example Pentateuch contain the laws and instructions of God given to the people of Israel through Moses, hence Pentateuch’s other name â€Å"Book of Moses†. In the Pentateuch, the Israelites were appointed as the chosen people of God and the beneficiary of the Ark of Covenant and laid down the foundation of the coming of the Messiah in the presence of Jesus Christ. II. Passages in the Bible that suggests Moses authorship of the Pentateuch There are several passages in the Pentateuch and the Bible that led to the initial conclusion that indeed Moses wrote the entire body of the Pentateuch. ... .'" Matthew 22:24  "Moses said, 'If a man dies without children...'" Mark 7:10  "For instance, Moses gave you this law from God..." Mark 12:24  "...haven't you ever read about this in the writings of Moses, in the story of the burning bush..." Luke 24:44  "...I told you that everything written about me by Moses and the prophets and in the Psalms must all come true." John 1:17  "For the law was given through Moses..." John 5:46  "But if you had believed Moses, you would have believed me because he wrote about me. And since you don't believe what he wrote, how will you believe what I say?" John 7:23  "...do it, so as not to break the law of Moses..." Acts 26:22  "...I teach nothing except what the prophets and Moses said would happen..." Romans 10:5  "For Moses wrote..." III. Was the Pentateuch a work of a single author (by Moses) or an anthology of diverse material? It is easy to conclude that the first five books of the Bible were written by Moses given the above Bi blical passages suggestion that Moses wrote the entire Pentateuch. Also, the Books were attributed to him not to mention that he was a central figure to it. A close examination on the Pentateuch by scholars beginning in the eighteenth century however led them to conclude that the Pentateuch is not written by a single author, or by Moses alone as the traditional thinking suggests, but rather an anthology of diverse materials. Evidences that Pentateuch is not written by a single author When critical literary analysis was applied to the Pentateuch, it was found that the five books contained numerous duplications, broad diversity of writing style and even contrasting view points. The discovery of the duplication of the texts in the body of Pentateuch led scholars to study that the first five

Realist Theories Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Realist Theories - Assignment Example China wants to resolve the issue with the countries involved and not with the international bodies. If this can be resolved, what could these small countries do if China will lose its military might on its claims on the disputed islands. China may be emboldened to bully its neighboring countries due to its $9240 billion GDP which is the second highest in the world. This GDP also allowed it to have a military superiority against its neighbors including Japan. Even if their total economies and population will be combined, it would still be no match against China. In addition, China is the only nuclear capable state in that region. China however must take into account that there are two countries (Philippines and Japan) among the claimants that has Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States, the largest economy in the world and strongest military in the world. If China attacks Philippines and Japan, this would make the Mutual Defense Treaty take into effect dragging United States in the war. In addition, the international community will also be against China because Philippines has brought the issue to the international court for arbitration and waging a war against other claimants will be trespass the case before international

The History Of The Marxist Feminist Sociology Essay

The History Of The Marxist Feminist Sociology Essay Feminists fight for the equality of women and argue that women should share equally in societys opportunities and scare resources. Through the ages woman were seen as the production of children, mothers and wives, they do the cooking, cleaning, sewing and washing, they take care of their husbands and are largely excluded from high-status occupations and from position of power. Patriarchy is a society in which the oldest male is the leader of the family, or a society controlled by men in whom they use their power to their own advantage and is the inequality the women experience within the family and background. It is important to outline that not all feminists believe in the same concepts, that is some feminists come from different branches and they have their own ideal concept and ideologies. The development of feminism has led to attention being focused on the subordinate position of women in many societies. Most Feminists tend to see society as divided into different social groups which are: Marxist Feminist Marxist feminist focus on social institutions of private property and capitalism. Marxist see the male domination as the one who provides capitalism to the family while the woman will eventually stay at home to raise the children and supply of labour. Inequality does not stand from the economic system but in the patriarchy. Some argue that there is inequality, but its not man who is causing it or those women are weak but we analyse inequality with a boarder social system. Example: Margaret Benston (1970s) argues that womens labour power in family is unpaid and so they are seen as the secondary breadwinners of the family which result into cheap and easily exploitable labour. To pay woman for their work, even at minimum scale, would result into a massive redistribution of wealth. Mens/ Labourers work must compensate for two people: their own wage and that of the wife. According to Fran Ansley she sees the emotional support given by the wife when her own husband absorbs his own frustration and anger with her. Radical Feminist There are many varieties of radical families, in fact this is a theory of or by woman. The patriarchal or the male domination is the most universal form of domination and society which eventually forms the widest, suffering and deepest female oppression in society, regardless of your economic background, colour, and class. Womens oppression provides a conceptual model for understanding all other forms of oppression. E.g. the focus of Radical Feminists is largely on the violence that women suffer, and their social subjugation through violent behavior inflicted by men. They believe that this is what keeps women oppressed whether they are rich or poor, black or white, educated or illiterate. The focus of Radical feminism is therefore on fighting gender related violence. Separatist Radical Feminist state that there is no point in changing mens behaviour or attitude, woman must be separated from men to lead non-exploitative lives. Example: Delphy and Leonard (1992) see the family as an economic system and it revolves around labour relations in which men will benefit from. Feminists see the family as a way for men to dominate women, men are usually the head of the house hold and benefit from the work that gets done e.g. making dinner, cleaning, bringing up kids and so on. Liberal Feminist Liberal Feminism is based on gender equality which means that both genders should have equal pay, better working jobs condition, education, individual achievement etc. All people are created equal and should not be denied equality of opportunity because of gender. Liberal Feminists focus their efforts on social change through the construction of legislation and regulation of employment practices which should be set by society for girls and boys, and men and women. Gaining job opportunities and being paid and promoted equally in traditionally male-dominated occupations is an important goal to liberal feminist. Someone might ask but what do woman want? Liberal feminism answers: mostly, what men want: to get an education, to make a decent living, to provide for ones family. So, the primary obstacle to equality is sexism which means that there is a belief that the members of one sex are less intelligent, able, skilful, etc. than the members of the other sex, especially that women are les s able than men. In the above paragraph I described liberal feminism in theory of work that focuses more on issues like equality of workplace, in education, in political rights but it is important to outline that liberal feminism looks at situations which are more private. Example liberal feminists tend to support marriage as an equal partnership, and more male involvement when it comes to child care. Another example is that of domestic violence. Ending domestic violence and sexual harassment have to do with removing obstacles to women achieving on an equal level with men. Nowadays liberal feminist see that both genders are becoming equal and that it improved. Example: Jennifer Somerville (2000) encourages realistic policies which results into gender equality. Some modern men are voluntarily committed to sharing in those routines necessities of the family survival, even though men do not take full share of responsibilities. Difference Feminist Some feminist writers might disagree with the above aspects. Instead, they believe that ones experience might be different than that of another individual. For example: they do not believe that all husbands treat there wife badly or are equally disadvantaged in all types of work, or that looking after her children is a stressful thing. They only emphasis on the experience of womanhood by taking into consideration ones variables e.g. beliefs, employment, race, religion etc. still they do believe that woman are oppressed but they do not see it as affecting all women. Example a white rich woman lives in a more comfortable setting than that of a black poor woman.

rite of passage Essays -- essays research papers

All people have an experience of  ¡Ã‚ °Rite of Passage ¡Ã‚ ± because it is necessary to be an adult. What is Rite of Passage? It means a ritual or ceremony signifying an event in a person's life indicative of a transition from one stage to another, as from adolescence to adulthood. In the story  ¡Ã‚ °Barn Burning ¡Ã‚ ± by William Faulkner, Sarty, who was the son of barn burner- Abner Snopes, he experienced his Rite of Passage at the end of the story. Although his decision leads to his father ¡Ã‚ ¯s death, it helps him to independent from his father. I think he made the correct decision not only for himself, but also for his family and society. First, his decision is for himself- Sarty. His father, Abner Snopes, always affects him in terrible ways. Not only his father forces him to listen to his own rules, but also he makes him to lie to people and society to protect him. At the beginning of the story, it starts in the courtroom because his father is accused of burning a neighbor ¡Ã‚ ¯s barn. Sarty is called to the stand, but because the plaintiff is finally unwilling to force him to testify against his own father, the case is closed, and the father, Abner Snopes, is advised to leave that town. Back in the courtroom, his father warns his son,  ¡Ã‚ °You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you ain ¡Ã‚ ¯t going to have any blood to stick to you. ¡Ã‚ ± He lies to save his father from the society, even though Sarty knows his father is wrong. Not only his father can ¡Ã‚ ¯t fit into the society, but also he made hi...